Khullakitab.comGrade 12 Mathematics Solution
Permutation and Combination
1.1
1.
Soln:
A man can enter the stadium in 4 ways. Again the man can leave the stadium in 9 ways.
So, total no.of ways with which a man enters and then leaves the stadium = 4 * 9 = 36ways.
2.
Soln:
There are 6 choices for a student to enter the hostel. There are 5 choices for a student to leave the hostel as different door is to be used.
So, total no.of ways = 6 * 5 = 30.
3.
Soln:
There are 7 choices for 1st son, 6 choices for 2nd son and 5 choices for 3rd son.
Now, by the basic principle of counting, the total number of ways of choice = 7 * 6 * 5 = 210.
4.
Soln:
A man can go from city A to city B in 5 ways. As he has to return by a different road, so he can return from city B to city A in 4 ways.
So, total no.of ways by which a man can go from city A to city B and returns by a different road = 5 * 4 = 20 ways.
5.
Soln:
A person can go from city A to city B in 5 ways. Again, he can go from city B to city C in 4 ways. So, a person can go from city A to city C in 5 * 4 = 20ways. The person has to return from C to A without driving on the same road twice, So, he can return from city C to city B in 3 ways and from city B to city A in 4 ways.
So, he can return from city C to city A in 3 * 4 = 12 ways.
So, Total no.of ways by which a person can go from city A to city C and return from city C to city A = 20 * 12 = 240 ways.
6.
Soln:
Numbers formed should be of at least 3 digits means they may be of 3 digits, 4 digits, 5 digits or 6 digits.
There are 6 choices for digit in the units place. There are 5 and 4 choices for digits in ten and hundred’s place respectively.
So, total number of ways by which 3 digits numbers can be formed = 6.5.4 = 120
Similarly, the total no.of ways by which 4 digits numbers can be formed = 6.5.4.3 = 360.
the total no. of ways by which 5 digits numbers can be formed = 6.5.4.3.2 = 720.
The total no.of ways by which 4 digits numbers can be formed = 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 720.
So, total no.of ways by which the numbers of at least 3 digits can be formed = 120 + 360 + 720 + 720 = 1920.
7.
Soln:
The numbers formed must be of three digits and less than 500, so the digit in the hundred’s place should be 1,2,3 or 4. So, there are 4 choices for the digit in the hundred’s place. There are 5 choice for the digit in the ten’s place. There are 4 choices for the digit in the unit’s place.
So, no of ways by which 3 digits numbers les than 500 can be formed = 4.5.4 = 80.
8.
Soln:
The numbers formed should be even. So, the digit in the unit’s place must be 2 or 4. So, the digit in unit’s place must be 2 or 4. So, for the digit in unit’s place, there are 2 choices. So, after fixing the digit in the unit’s place, remaining 4 figures can be arranged in P(4,4) ways.
Ie. $\frac{{\left( 4 \right)!}}{{\left( {4 - 4} \right)!}}$ = $\frac{{4!}}{{0!}}$ = $\frac{{4{\rm{*}}3{\rm{*}}2{\rm{*}}1}}{1}$ = 24 ways.
So, total no.of ways by which 5 even numbers can be formed = 2 * 24 = 48.
9.
Soln:
The numbers formed must be of 4 digits. The digit in the thousand’s place must always be 4. For this, there is only one choice. After that, n = 6 – 1 = 5, r = 4 – 1 = 3. Then remaining 5 figures can be placed in remaining 3 places in:
Or, P(5,3) ways = $\frac{{5!}}{{\left( {5 - 3} \right)!}}$ = $\frac{{5!}}{{2!}}$ = $\frac{{5{\rm{*}}4{\rm{*}}3{\rm{*}}2{\rm{*}}1}}{{2{\rm{*}}1}}$ = 60 ways.
So, Total no.of ways by which 4 digits numbers between 4,000 and 5,000 can be formed = 1 * 60 = 60.
10.
Soln:
For the three digits numbers, there are 5 ways to fill in the 1st place, there are 4 ways to fill in the 2nd place and there are 3 ways to fill in the 3rd place. By the basic principle of counting, number of three digits numbers = 5 * 4 * 3 = 60.
Again, for three digit numbers which are divisible by 5, the number in the unit place must be 5. So, the unit place can be filled up in 1 way. After filling up the unit place 4 numbers are left. Ten’s place can be filled up in 4 ways and hundredths place can be filled up in 3 ways. Then by the basic principle of counting, no.of 3 digits numbers which are divisible by 5 = 1 * 4 * 3 = 12.